5CO02 – Evidence Based Practice

Introduction

The changing business landscape and the level of complexity requires professionals to have a detailed understanding of those elements that work and those that do not. The choice of an effective approach significantly determines the level of outcomes (Young, 2024). This report covers the concept of Evidence Based Practice and its application in the modern business environment. 

Part One

AC 1.1: Evaluate the concept of evidence-based practice, including how it can be applied to decision-making in people practice.

According to the Chartered Institute of Professional Development (CIPD), the concept of Evidence Based Practice (EBP) entails the appraisal of most available evidence from a wide range of sources to make the most informed decision (Young, 2024). By evidence, it means the facts, data, and information to support or counter a hypothesis or claim. The importance of EBP is that it result in effective decisions that have positive outcomes and those that are aligned with the situational needs and context (Tzenios, 2022). The challenging side of EBP is that to arrive at the decision, there is need for adequate time and resources to support the process.

EBP Approaches

Two EBP approaches include critical thinking and using group decision-making.

1] Critical Thinking: This approach involves objective assessment of information, examining options, and making sound judgments, which lead to a more effective and informed choice (Lin et al., 2021). As a critical thinker, a professional interprets the information to its accuracy and relevance. The pros of critical thinking are enhancing innovation and facilitating ethical decision-making process. The cons of critical thinking include the time and resources spent in the collection and analysis of information those applying the principles are at a possibility of overthinking (Jalalpour et al., 2021).

2] Group Decision-Making: In this approach, it involves a team of individuals considering alternatives, their merits and demerits, and discussing the issues to arrive at innovative solution (Garcia-Zamora et al., 2022). The decisions are made collaboratively instead of individually. The pros of group decision-making include eliminating bias and discrimination and promoting diversity since a wide range of decisions are considered. The cons of group decision-making include those team members with more confidence and voice influencing the solution resulting in group thinking and the process being time-consuming.

Applying EBP

People practices and activities require a range of EBP approaches. Taking an example of a company facing high turnover, a critical thinking process would require information about the rate of turnover and interview feedback after successful interviews (Kitson et al., 2021). Through analysing the causes and trends surrounding turnover, interventions can then be made, including increasing the level of pay and developing policies, such as anti-discrimination. Group decision-making EBP can be applied in issues and concerns, such as conflicts between employees where anti-conflict policies are formulated to ensure good working relationships.

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AC 1.2: Evaluate a range of analysis tools and methods, including how they can be applied to diagnose organisational issues, challenges, and opportunities.

The ability by an organisation to assess the current and future issues, challenges, and opportunities is dependent on applying various approaches, tools, and methods. Two of these approaches include;

Analysis Tool: PESTLE Analysis

The PESTLE analysis focuses on the political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental aspects (Eierle et al., 2022). To assess legal issues, the legal dimensions of PESTLE analysis helps in identifying the relevant laws and policies related to decisions. An example is the cyber security laws that govern technology-related companies and social media platforms. In the challenge of new competitors, the PESTLE analysis is used to understand how they are using approaches, such as technology to attract and retain customers. The opportunities, such as how different demographics are leveraged to make diverse products and services are explained from the social-cultural dimension of PESTLE analysis.

The merits of PESTLE analysis include assisting business comprehend their environment and helping in making informed decisions based on a comprehensive external environmental analysis (Capobianco et al., 2021). The demerits include possible paralysis of analysis and challenges in predicting all elements due to lack of limited assessment.

Method: Interviews

Interviews are exchanges between individuals about a subject. They help in uncovering sufficient information about a subject (Englander et al., 2022). An example is interviewing a professional consultant, such as one from the automotive industry. To understand the issues, interviewed consultant can share more insights about the laws and policies in the sector, including emission control. An interview with a consultant would help determine possible challenges that the company is facing, including new entrants and their strategies. The interview would also inform opportunities include investing in research and development to make innovative automobiles and unique services, including mortgages (Mohanty et al., 2023).

The advantages of interviews include providing sufficient information about the topic of discussion and helps in uncovering additional issues that are beyond the subject (Goyes and Sandberg, 2024). The disadvantages include the interviews being time-consuming and too much information may be confusing.

In judgement, the most effective approach for understanding the issues, challenges, and opportunities is one that combines various strategies, including PESTLE, interviews, and research to collect sufficient information and make informed decisions.

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AC 1.3: Explain the principles of critical thinking, including how you apply these to your own and others’ ideas.

Critical thinking process entails the intellectual disciplined approach of skilfully and actively conceptualising, application, analysis, synthesis, and examining gathered information to serve as a guide to an action or belief (Dinsmore and Fryer, 2023). An effectively conducted critical thinking is essential in making suitable decisions and eliminating sources of bias. As a result, the decisions made through critical thinking result in the most suitable outcomes.

Principles of Critical Thinking

Critical thinking is founded on several principles. Fundamentally, the critical thinking process should be objective and a rational thought process applied. By showing objectivity, it means that one will examine the arguments in an impartial manner and that they will apply evidence and logic to arrive at well-reasoned and informed conclusions (Thornhill-Miller et al., 2023). In addition, being objective and applying rationale decision-making process requires one to be aware of their biases and consider multiple perspectives. Another important principle is that besides sources being outlined, their validity is essential, which means that one should consider the reliability and believability of information sources.

Application of the Principles to Own Ideas

Primarily, when one applying critical thinking to their own ideas, one of the key aspects is to ensure that there are facts and sufficient data to support the ideas. This is essential in ensuring that the approach is objective and that the ideas can be backed by data to enhance believability and credibility (Garcia-Carmona, 2023). For example, when sharing about a learning and development program, it is essential to have statistics that prove the most effective L&D program to meet the different customer needs and preferences. Another important aspect in the principles of critical thinking is to ensure that there is sufficient evidence instead of unfounded opinions or those influenced by the person’s emotions.

Application of the Principles to Ideas of Others

The application of these principles to others’ ideas is reflected in maintaining an author’s credibility through their recognition. It is also crucial to ensure that the research methods and sources are acknowledged (Todd, 2022). This is important in ensuring that others are influenced in a positive manner. One of the key challenges facing individuals during the critical thinking process is fake news and unfounded ideas. Therefore, the principles of critical thinking are applied to others through examining their claims and ensuring that whichever information or claim is presented, it is done so based on facts instead of opinions.

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AC 1.4: Explain a range of decision-making processes.

AC 1.5: Assess how different ethical perspectives can influence decision-making.

AC 3.1: Appraise different ways organisations measure financial and non–financial performance.

AC 3.2: Explain how people practices add value in an organisation and identify two methods that might be used to measure the impact of people practices.

Part Two

AC 2.1: With reference to a people practice issue, interpret analytical data using appropriate analysis tools and methods.

AC 2.2: Present key findings for stakeholders from people practice activities and initiatives.

AC 2.3: Make justified recommendations based on evaluation of the benefits, risks and financial implications of potential solutions.

References

Capobianco, N., Basile, V., Loia, F., & Vona, R. (2021). Toward a sustainable decommissioning of offshore platforms in the oil and gas industry: A PESTLE analysis. Sustainability, 13(11), 6266.

Dinsmore, D. L., & Fryer, L. K. (2023). Critical thinking and its relation to strategic processing. Educational Psychology Review, 35(1), 36.

Eierle, B., Hartlieb, S., Hay, D. C., Niemi, L., & Ojala, H. (2022). External factors and the pricing of audit services: A systematic review of the archival literature using a PESTLE analysis. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 41(3), 95-119.

Englander, H., Jones, A., Krawczyk, N., Patten, A., Roberts, T., Korthuis, P. T., & McNeely, J. (2022). A taxonomy of hospital-based addiction care models: a scoping review and key informant interviews. Journal of general internal medicine, 37(11), 2821-2833.

García-Carmona, A. (2023). Scientific thinking and critical thinking in science education: Two distinct but symbiotically related intellectual processes. Science & Education, 1-19.

García-Zamora, D., Labella, Á., Ding, W., Rodríguez, R. M., & Martínez, L. (2022). Large-scale group decision making: a systematic review and a critical analysis. IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica, 9(6), 949-966.

Goyes, D. R., & Sandberg, S. (2024). Trust, nuance, and care: Advantages and challenges of repeat qualitative interviews. Qualitative Research, 14687941241246159.

Jalalpour, H., Jahani, S., Asadizaker, M., Sharhani, A., & Heybar, H. (2021). The impact of critical thinking training using critical thinking cards on clinical decision-making of CCU nurses. Journal of family medicine and primary care, 10(10), 3650-3656.

Kitson, A. L., Harvey, G., Gifford, W., Hunter, S. C., Kelly, J., Cummings, G. G., ... & Wilson, P. (2021). How nursing leaders promote evidence‐based practice implementation at point‐of‐care: A four‐country exploratory study. Journal of advanced nursing, 77(5), 2447-2457.

Lin, H. C., Hwang, G. J., Chang, S. C., & Hsu, Y. D. (2021). Facilitating critical thinking in decision making-based professional training: An online interactive peer-review approach in a flipped learning context. Computers & Education, 173, 104266.

Mohanty, A., Venkateswaran, N., Tripathi, M. A., & Boopathi, S. (2023). Innovative strategy for profitable automobile industries: Working capital management. In Handbook of Research on Designing Sustainable Supply Chains to Achieve a Circular Economy (pp. 412-428). IGI Global.

Thornhill-Miller, B., Camarda, A., Mercier, M., Burkhardt, J. M., Morisseau, T., Bourgeois-Bougrine, S., ... & Lubart, T. (2023). Creativity, critical thinking, communication, and collaboration: assessment, certification, and promotion of 21st century skills for the future of work and education. Journal of Intelligence, 11(3), 54.

Todd, M. (2022). Acknowledging Sources. In Undergraduate Research in History (pp. 71-79). Routledge.

Tzenios, N. (2022). Evidence-based practice. International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science, 4(12), 922.

Young, J. (2024). Evidence-based practice for effective decision-making. https://www.cipd.org/en/knowledge/factsheets/evidence-based-practice-factsheet/